Genetics Department, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
Species listed according to the cytocomplex to which they belong (i.e. the combination of chromosome arms in the polytene karyotype.
thummi-cytocomplex species
pseudothummi-cytocomplex species In general, the morphological terminology used in this document follows Sæther (1980), Webb & Scholl (1985) and Vallenduuk & Moller Pillot (1997). In the adult descriptions reference is made to the types of superior volsella shape as recognized by Strenzke (1959). This is a helpful initial classification, but experience has shown that the types are not discrete, but are part of a continuum. The three categories as described by Strenzke are: S-type: The SV is shoe shaped, i.e. it is drawn out distal-medially into a broad, rounded lobe (Fig. a-c, below) (Strenzke's figure suggests the most distal point will be at the toe of the shoe). D-type: The SV is ribbon-like: distally it may have a weakly thickened shoulder (Fig. d, below) (most distal point is not at the internal margin), or bent in a shallow sickle-shape (Fig. e-f, below). E-type: The SV has the form of an elephant's tusk; distally it is sharply graded to a point, or with an expanded knob (Fig. g-i, below) (line from base to most distal point goes outside the limits of the SV).  In the following descriptions, reference is made to the mentum and mandible types as described for European Chironomus species by Webb & Scholl (1985) and Vallenduuk & Moller Pillot (1997) The mentum type is defined only by the degree of development of the 4th lateral teeth: Type I - height in same line as the rest of the lateral teeth; Type II - 4th laterals reduced, height about equal to that of the 5th laterals; Type III - 4th laterals further reduced, height less than that of the 5th laterals.  Type I - C2 teeth only partially separate from C1, i.e. as shoulders on C1. Type II - C1 broad, C2 teeth distinctly separated. Type III - C1 tooth relatively narrow and much higher than the separated C2 teeth. Type IV - C1 tooth relatively narrow, but only slightly higher than the separated C2 teeth  Type I - 3rd tooth pale and almost completely fused on lower margin; Type II - some degree of pigmentation and tooth partly free on lower margin; Type III - 3rd tooth as dark as other inner teeth and completely separate.  |
ORIENTAL (INDOMALAYAN REALM) CHIRONOMUS SPECIESModified: 21 Mayy 2013
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Maintainer: Jon Martin j.martin@unimelb.edu.au